(2007) found that because of ‘a very high possibility for confusion with i, +, 1, t, l, it is advised to add serifs for distinction on top and base’. Regarding the uppercase I (i), from research and testing Smuc et al.
The number 1 can be read as a lowercase l (el), capital I (i), or number 7 (Figure 1).įigure 1. The capital I (i) can be read as a lowercase l (el) or as a number 1.
The following letters can be easily confused as other characters: lowercase l (el) can be read as the number 1 or a capital I (i). We define general people as aged between 13–45 years old, who do not have dyslexia or visual impairments. Confusing letters and symbols for general people The word ‘legible’ used in this paper refers to typefaces which have well defined easily recognisable letters and symbols, which can be decoded easily and quickly, which are not overly stylistic in letterform design, typically typefaces used in the context of continuous reading, not script typefaces.Ģ. Which letters and symbols are the most problematic and how are letters and symbols to be designed for maximum recognition clarity? Different people (general, children, dyslexic, visually impaired, ageing) also have specific letter and symbol issues and requirements. Incorrect recognition of a letter or symbol can occur in a number of different situations, whether it be an unclear typeface, reading a book or at long distance reading a road sign, to more serious instances, like medicine information leaflets or on a display in an aircraft. This 2019 fourth edition was published in May 2019 with minor additions and further editorial corrections. The 2018 third edition was published in February 2018 with minor additions.
The 2016 second edition of this paper was an attempt to correct errors which appeared in previous editions of this paper and to add new information, it was published on the 4 October 2016. It can be considered as a review of related research in this area. This paper identifies easily misrecognised letters and symbols in highly legible typefaces for general, children, dyslexic, visually impaired and ageing readers.
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